Ammonia- Vehicle fuel breakthrough

[Sparty]

Summary: https://scienceblog.com/542820/resea...ransportation/

Challenge: Efficiently burning ammonia in engines for clean transportation.

Solution: Researchers identified optimal intake port opening conditions that create swirling airflow in the engine cylinder.

Benefit: Swirling airflow improves air-fuel mixing, leading to:
More efficient combustion
Reduced emissions

Advantages of Ammonia over Electric Vehicles:
Easier storage and transportation
Lower manufacturing carbon footprint of engines

Potential of Ammonia:
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions
Contributes to a hydrogen energy society
Provides a solution to potential lithium shortages

[Sparty]

NH3 and NH4 represent two related but distinct chemical species:

1. NH3 - Ammonia

Chemical Formula: NH3
Description: Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor. It's commonly known as household ammonia when diluted in water.

Properties:
Soluble in water
Weak base
Toxic at high concentrations


2. NH4 - Ammonium Ion

Chemical Formula: NH4+
Description: The ammonium ion is a positively charged polyatomic ion. It doesn't exist freely but forms when ammonia (NH3) reacts with an acid (gains a proton).

Properties:
Found in many salts like ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)
Weak acid (opposite of ammonia)
Generally non-toxic (unlike ammonia gas)